今天，大家一塊兒探討一下，四六級寫作的辦法和方法，研究一下四六級高分作文的模式。
1、 四六級寫作技法和方案
1． 對應法
因為四六級寫作都是提綱式寫作，有時，大家可以使用對應法根據中文提綱分別寫成三段。
如：96年6月份考試試題：
提綱：1） 有人覺得淡水是取之不盡的。（雨水、河水、井水）
2） 事實上淡水是很緊缺的。（人口增加、工業用水增加）
3） 大家如何辦？
Global Shortage of Fresh Water
Generally, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What's more, we have a lot of underground water.
Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption remains1 great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our rivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable.
We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage.First, population growth should be slowed down to reduce fresh water demand.Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the riversand lakes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life.
再如：95年1 月份考試試題：
提綱：1） 有人覺得錢是幸福之本（source of happiness）
2） 有人覺得資金是萬惡之源
3） 我的怎么看。
Some think that money is the source of happiness. once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money they have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife.
Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe2.
In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it.
We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on.
這兩例都是使用了對應寫作方法，將提示中的三句分別擴展成三段，三段之間相互銜接，構成一個完整的篇章。
2．調整法
盡管是提綱式寫作，提綱所提示的只不過文章所要包含的主要內容，卻不是文章的結構模式，通常情況下，同學們應依據英語文章的種類，重新安排文章。如上面有關'錢'的一個寫作，根據英語的表達習慣，最好是加上一個引子。
What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happiness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious3 cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people think that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money.
In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used.
2、 首段和尾段的寫作
上一講中大家介紹了段落的擴展模式，也就是說，大家已經知道了文章中間一部分的敘述模式。依據四六級寫作的特征，一般首段和尾段都要自己補上，那樣如何才能寫好首尾段呢，下面我介紹一下，首尾段的寫作方法。
1．首段的寫作
首段的寫作方法一般為：
運用事實性信息、調查或故事等引出話題，2）導入主題，然后提源于己的看法，也就是文章的論點
首段開篇的方法容易見到的有：
1） 諺語法
因為諺語一般已經被大伙所同意，用諺語提源于己的看法也容易被讀者所同意。
As the saying goes, 'Money makes the mare4 go', but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love.
2） 概念法
概念法是通過對文章中的關鍵字做一些簡單或正面或反面的講解，限定其范圍，如此比較有益于引出主題。
'Practice makes perfect' is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.
3） 提問法
通過提問一個或一連串的問題，可以激起讀者的興趣，從而引出主題。
a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?
b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.
4） 概括法
概括法指先概要文章內容所涉及的近況，然后引出主題。
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.
5） 故事法
故事法指用簡單有趣的故事激起讀者的興趣，從而提源于己的看法。如下面'Is Stress a Bad Thing?'
6） 引語法
'Just as eating without liking5 harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained.' From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.
7） 調查法
為了得到讀者的認同，文章的開始可以引出調查數據等，借以提出主題，如下面'Is Stress a Bad Thing?'的1）和'Can School children Start Using the Internet?'的4）。
8） 假設法
假設法是指通過假設提出一種選擇，交代文章要涉及的問題，從而提出文章的主題。
Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer?
9） 綜合法
具體寫作時，同學們沒必要拘泥于一種方法，可以將上述辦法總和起來。
首段示例1：
題目：Is Stress a Bad Thing?
提綱：1）有人害怕重壓
2） 有人覺得重壓并非一件壞事
3） 我的怎么看
' I can't stand the pressure and competition,' explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided6 to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality.
It is true that my friend's case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cosplayt of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and happiness and do them harm both physically7 and mentally. In fact, however, stress isn't the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idle life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape from it.
就這一標題而言，依據所提示的提綱，首段的寫作還可以使用下列方法：
1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs.
Although they may have their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality.
2) Which job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I don't think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons.
3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, people's attitude varies widely: some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities.
In fact the choice we make between 'flight' or 'fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities.
首段示例2：
標題：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?
提綱： 1）伴隨科技的進步，互聯網愈加普及；
2）互聯網有其優點但也有缺點；
3）我的看法
依據上面的提示，首段可有下列幾種方法：
1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are per網站優化pinions on this. Some think it wise, but I don't agree with them.
2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in our society and life. It's so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it.
3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet.
4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons.
2． 結論段的寫作
結論一般使用總結概括、主題重述或提建議等方法。
容易見到的方法有：
1） 重述或概要主題
重述主題指于結論處以另外一種表達方法重申主題，與首段照應。
Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life.
2） 提出建議
Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to sTOP using postcards.
3） 概括概要
As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.
4） 引用名人名言
In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said 'Studies serve for delight, for ornament8 and for ability.'
5)綜合法
與首段一樣，結論段也可以是多種辦法的綜合。一般說來，概要加建議的比較多。
尾段示例1：
如'互聯網'的結論段可以如下所示：
10） As we all know, the next century will become one of the Internet.
Internet will become more and more important in both our daily life and our work. So I suggest that schoolchildren should start using the Internet.
11） So I think schoolchildren not only can start using the Internet, but also should start using it They are sure to benefit a lot from the internet.
12） Internet can help our children know the world, get useful information and enrich their knowledge. So I think schoolchildren can start using the Internet.
13） In a word , the Internet is playing a more and more important role in our life and it is helpful for children's growth both physically and mentally. It is better for them to start using the Internet as early as possible.
3．轉承語的用法
依據不一樣的段落需要，選擇合適的轉承語
1) 比較對照
比較：like A, B
Just as A, B
A, similarly/correspondingly, likewise/in the same way, B
對照： Unlike/ Contrary to/ As opposed to A, B
A , however/on the other hand/in contrast, B
A , B, however/on the other hand/in contrast,
2)列舉
First/ Second / Third / Last ,
The fist/ The second/ The third/ The last
Firstly/Secondly9/Thirdly/Last
One/Another/Still another/The last
The most essential/most important/primary/chief is
3) 因果
as a result, consequently, therefore, hence, so, because of this, for these reasons, due to the fact that
4 起承轉合常用語
1）'起'的常用語
When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with , some people claim/think/argue/believe that , but/while others
Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to .
With the development/improvement/growth of ,
Now, it is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledge that ,
According to a recent survey/investigation/poll,
Have you ever thought/wondered ?
Suppose
As the saying goes,
2) '承'的常用語
Those who hold .
It is true that
To be sure
First/Firstly
The main/leading/underlying/root/ primary/chief/essential .
'承接上文'的方法與文章的段落結構有關，比較的與列舉的不同，與舉例的也不
同。同學們應依據具體的狀況選擇合適的承接語。
3）'轉'的常用語
It sounds like a good idea , but they fail to understand , but they ignore a more important fact
Closer examination , however, suggests that this argument may not be borne of by the following evidence .
Close examination of these arguments , however, would reveal how flimsy they are.
However logical ) these arguments may be, they don't make sense when is viewed the other way .
As opposed to the widely held idea , new studies challenge the opinion .
Good/Superior/Wonderful as ., it has its own disadvantages/ it brings its own problems.
They may be right about , but they seem to neglect /fail to mention/take into account
In all the discussion and debate over , one important/basic fact is ignored/overlooked/neglected.
It is true that/ Admittedly, but it is unlikely/doesn't follow/doesn't mean that
There is an element of truth in these arguments/statements, but they ignore a deeper and more basic/essential/important fact/factor
In many cases, however,
As far as is concerned,
4) '合'的常用語
Experience/Evidence/All the facts suggest/show/demonstrate/ indicate that
From what has been discussed above/Taking into account all these factors, we may safely draw/reach/come to/arrive/ the conclusion that
In conclusion/To sum up/In summary/In short/To conclude .
It is important/necessary/essential that effective/proper/powerful actions/measure/remedies should be taken to
3、四六級作文的謀篇布局
謀篇布局
- 將提示的第一句作為文章的第一句
- 將提示的第三句作為第一段的最后一句
- 將提示的第二句展開成文章的中心段落
- 結論段總結概括，提出建議。
例證
標題：City Life and Suburban10 Life
提綱：1) 近期幾年愈加多的人遷往近郊居住
2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特征
3） 比較起來，我喜歡的是
In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards11 as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts12 of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.
It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cosplayt for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes13 and toxic14 gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged15 ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort16 brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cosplayt and heavily polluted environment of the city.
The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.
謀篇布局（2）
- 依據話題加引段，于段尾提源于己的看法（也就是提示中的第三句需要內容）
- 將提示的第一句和第二句寫成文章的中心段落
- 依據文章的敘述重點，概要全文，提出辦法等。
例證
標題： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs
提綱：1）有人覺得大學生做兼職工作非常有好處；
2）然而，有人覺得大學生做兼職工作弊多利少；
3）我的怎么看
Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that.
Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities.
Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society.
However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies.
In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and his study.
謀篇布局（3）
- 將提示的第一句和第二句合為第一段，于段尾提源于己的看法；
- 說明我們的理由；
- 結論段概要全文
例文
標題：How to Achieve Success
提綱：1）有人說成功主要靠運勢；
2）有人則覺得成功主要靠勤奮，與運勢毫無關系;
3）我的看法
Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to success and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance17.
Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds.
To conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, 'No pains, no gains', 'Where there is a will, there is a way.'
謀篇布局（4）
將提示中的第一句做為第一段主題句，然后拓展開
將提示的第二句做為第二段的主題句，拓展說明
將提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意與上面兩段的照應，使其有總攬全文有哪些用途
例文
標題：On Housing Reform
提示：1）舊房子政策的弊??；
2）房改帶來有哪些好處；
3）我如何解決？
The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted18 to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were in power could get more houses than those who were powerless. This was quite unfair.
On the contrary, the new system of house allotment may bring about many new things. For example, the government will have more money which can be used in house construction. So, the housing industry can develop more quickly. Besides, because houses will be sold to people, the chances they get will be equal.
When I enter the society, I would get a loan from the bank to buy my own house. Then, I would try to pay back the loan in the shortest time possible.
After that, I would proudly claim: 'Now, I am the master of that house.'
謀篇布局（5）
將提示中的第一句作為文章的第一段，并提主題；
舉例說明我們的看法；
結論重述主題
例文
標題：On Punctuality
提示：
1） 按時在現代日常仍然非常重要；
2） 試舉例說明
In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any person should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make a person a good man. And if you are not punctual, you may injure others.
We should practice punctuality for the sake of others, as well as ourselves.
He who is punctual will accomplish far more in a day than he who is not so.
Washington was remarkable19 for this virtue20. His mother had taught him, when a boy, or have certain hours for every employment, and to do everything at the appointed time. This habit helped, in his later life, to make him a good man. Without it, he could never have made such success.
Neglect of punctuality may injure both to others and to oneself. An applicant22 may be turned away just for the sake of being late for the interview. Students coming late for class will undoubtedly23 interrupt the teacher. Therefore, we ought never to say 'It is only once I will not do so again' to excuse ourselves; otherwise we will be tardier24 and we will fail in our society.
In a word, if we form the habit of punctuality at school, it will be of great advantage to us in our future life.
4、參考范本
1． Why College Students Take a Part-time Job
a. 近期幾年愈加多的大學生加入打工的隊伍
b. 為何大學生打工
c. 大學生打工的意義
According to a recent survey, about 25 percent of Chinese college students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearly none 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacations. College students are working as tutors, salespersons, engineers and doing whatever work they can find.
Why do they want odd jobs jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? The primary reason, I think, is money. Feeling the financial pressure as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young boy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to
help cover the increasingly higher college cosplayts, and at best save enough to go traveling or buy things they have long desired. In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity25 of having to ask for money again and again. Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. Students growing up from nursery school to college only know about books and have trouble dealing26 with realities. Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know the outside world and prepare them for a future career.
The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience. It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life.
2. The Job I like Best
a. 我最喜歡的工作是
b. 我為何要選擇這個工作
c. 結論
In the past three years of my college life I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided on a college teacher as my lifelong career.
A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative27 ones.
First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more constructive28 and stimulating29, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world the very thing I enjoy in my life.
Second, teaching means freedom and independence. As a teacher, I'm free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome.
Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the opportunity to continue learning, the satisfaction of being your own boss, and a gentle peace of life.
3. How to Solve the Energy Problem
a. 有人覺得解決能源危機的方法是厲行節省
b. 有人則覺得開發新的能源是最好的方法
c. 我的怎么看
When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that an energy crisis is approaching and is threatening mankind's survival. They are afraid that the world is likely to run out of oil and metals and to run short of food in the near future.
To this problem, most countries respond with the demand for more rigid30 conservation of our natural resources. Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present waste of energy in industrial and personal consumption is so serious that it has become habitual31 and traditional. If the natural resources are used economically, we can certainly slow down the present drain on the limited energy supply. However, conservation alone is not the answer. It is obvious that even if we can save much energy, we can only delay the energy crisis, but cannot solve the problem completely. However abundant certain natural resources may be, they cannot reproduce themselves and are bound to be used up ultimately. So in the long run, we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving32 the known, limited supplies.
Man is highly adaptable33 and creative, and since he is able to tap such resources as oil and metal, why can't he develop and harness solar energy, nuclear energy and other unknown energy resources?
4. The Internet
a. 什么是英特網
b.英特網有哪些用途
c. 英特網對社會的影響
The Internet
The later part of the 1990s finds the worlds 'the Internet' become fashionable in people's daily life. The Internet is a network of thousands of networks, linking schools, universities, businesses, government agencies, libraries and millions of inpiduals.
Something like 'information superhighways', the internet can bring many conveniences into the school, home and office. College students can check the card catalogue of Library of Congress in the United States to finish their papers. Housewives can do shopping and pay bills without leaving their homes. Businessmen can sign a contract and land an order through electronic media. Patients can reach the world's leading authorities and experts on the disease they may suffer from men and women can have a conversation with people all over the world by sending and receiving electronic mail. With a basic computer and modem34 any inpidual can call up information about almost anything from almost anywhere and almost anytime.
The Internet exerts such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people's living and thinking.
5. Advantages and Disadvantages of Home Computers
a. 家用電腦的普及
b．家用電腦有哪些好處
c．家用電腦帶來的問題
Just a few years ago, the idea of having a computer in one's home seemed far-fetched for most Chinese. Now, however, with the advent35 and popularity of the home computer, its advantages and disadvantages have been a subject of discussion.
There is no doubt that like TV, computers benefit people hugely. With the computer, the home will become a library, a school, an office and an entertainment center. All transactions, from banking36 to shopping, will be performed electronically and all information, form train schedules to discount price goods, will be as close as the press of a key. In addition to providing us many of the facilities and services we now must travel to obtain, with the Internet, the computer will even let us communicate directly with other homes and with information sources worldwide. Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by the computer, the changes it brings could very well lead to potentially adverse37 consequences.
For example, as nearly all activities could be conducted in the comfort of our homes, we could all become hermitlike, never feeling any need to leave the house. This would be unfortunate because our children especially will become so addicted38 to computers that they might never be exposed to either peer pressure or social interaction.
Unquestionably, the challenge of the home computer means we all should consider how we can control it, so that it won't control us.
6. Should Euthanasia Be Legalized
a.有人贊成實行安樂死
b.有人反對安樂死合法化
c.我的怎么看
Euthanasia, a quite and easy death, or 'mercy killing39' as we call it recently has made the headlines frequently. Many people applaud it and argue that euthanasia should be legalized.
As is pointed21 out, to practise euthanasia can benefit both the patient and his family. To a terminally ill person who is suffering excruciating pains day and night or living 'like a vegetable', to be allowed to end his life painlessly is a good release. To his family it is also a big relief considering the financial and emotional drain on them that having to sustain his life entails40. However, the legalization of euthanasia may also bring with it problems our society has not previously41 faced. Is it humane42, for example, that a terminally ill patient is thus caused to feel guilty for remaining alive because he does not want to die? Is it wise that a patient is killed alive simply because of a mistaken terminal diagnosis43? And is it possible that euthanasia could be taken advantage of for some ulterior or even criminal purposes?
Since the legalization of euthanasia will raise serous moral and social issues, the decision our society makes about euthanasia will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in society.
同學們，寫作能力的培養非一朝一夕的事情，不僅僅是學會一些固定的模式，一些常見的句式，背幾篇范本就可以解決的問題。但，在臨考之際，我就我所能給同學們總結出了4、六級寫作的一些規律，和常用方案，期望能給同學們一些啟示，一些幫助。祝同學們考個好成績。