請問should表示意料之外、驚奇疑惑不解到底是是情態動詞使用方法還是虛擬語氣使用方法?
Im surprised that he should have failed.我非常驚訝他居然會失敗。
should have done用于虛擬語氣:可以是與過去事實相反,還可以是本該做卻沒做。
這里的失敗明顯是已經失敗了,所以我非常驚訝,應該沒有虛擬的狀況吧?
所以請問這里should用的是情態動詞使用方法嗎?
請老師們解惑,謝謝!
網友比較狹隘地理解了 “should + 完成體” 的使用方法。
▲“should have done”,主要有以下四種使用方法??偨Y如下:
1、“should + 完成體”,表示“過去本應該做某事,而實質未做”,是虛擬語氣的一種。
You should have reported them to the police. 你應當向警方控告他們的。
The problem should have been ironed out months ago. 這個問題幾個月前就該解決了。
You should have been more careful in money matters. 在錢方面,你本當更小心點的。
Im to blame. I should have thought of that. 都怪我,我應該想到這一點。
You should have known better than to talk like that. 你本應更懂事而不致說如此的話。
2、“should + 完成體”,與虛擬條件連用,表示“與過去狀況不符或相反的虛擬語氣”。
【說明】if 從句用過去完成時,主句用“should + 完成時”,主句的主語僅限于用第一人稱。should可以由would代替。比如:
If I had seen her I should/would have invited her. 我當時如果看到她的話我本會邀請她的。
If I had received the present, I should/would have thanked her. 假如我收到了禮物,我是應當向她道謝的。
I should/would not have laughed if I had thought you were serious. 假如我想到你是認真的,我就不會笑了。
也可以用其他結構代替if條件句。比如:
But for your advice, I should/would have failed. 要不是你的忠告,我會失敗的。
3、“should + 完成體”,還可以表示推斷,表示“在過去或以后某個時間之前應該完成的動作”。
The paint should have dried off by this time tomorrow. 油漆到明天這時就應該已經干了。
They should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他們這時該到北京了。
I think I should have finished it by then. 我想到那時我應該完成了。
We should have the whole deal sewn up by the end of this week. 到本周末,大家應該可以把整個買賣談妥。
The letter should have arrived by now. 信函目前該到達了。
You certainly should have remembered her name. 你一定應該還記得她的名字。
4、“should + 完成體”,還可以用來“對過去所發生的狀況,表示驚訝、意料之外、不理解、不可思議”,翻譯時一般含有“居然”的意味。
網友的句子就是這些。比如:
I am surprised that you should have acted so indiscreetly. 你居然表現得這樣輕率,我感到驚訝。
It is amazing that she should have said nothing about the murder. 讓人驚奇的是,她居然對這樁兇殺案不置一詞。
Im sorry you should have gone to so much trouble. 非常抱歉,叫你費了這么大事。
I wonder why he should have been so angry. 我想不通,他如何會如此生氣。
It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam. 他考試居然沒及格,真是可惜。
I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault. 我真不知道,他如何居然說這是我的過錯。
It’s strange that he should have left without telling us. 奇怪,他竟沒和大家說一聲就走了。
Im surprised that he should have failed. 我非常驚訝他居然會失敗。(網友的句子)
【要緊提示】
網友最關心的可能是:怎么樣研判“should + 完成體”是那類型型,如何去理解?
第一應學會以上講的四種狀況,牢記于心。
1. 單獨一個句子,沒上下文語境(即:單句),“should + 完成時”,一般表示“過去本應該做某事,而實質未做”。這是第一種狀況。
2. 跟if 條件句連用,而且主語是第一人稱時,假如if從句用了過去完成時,“should + 完成體”,一般表示“與過去不符或相反的虛擬語氣”。 這是第二種狀況。
3. 單獨一個句子(即:單句),而且該句含有表示截止到某個時間的詞匯,如:by this time tomorrow, by then, by the end of this week,那樣,“should + 完成體”,一般表示推斷:“在過去或以后某個時間之前應該完成的動作”。 這是第三種狀況。
4. 句中含有表示“驚訝、后悔、惋惜、不可思議”等詞匯時(如:surprising, surprised, amazing, amazed, astonishing, astonished, strange, pity, sorry, unlucky, sad, wonder 等),“should + 完成體”,一般用來“對過去發生的狀況表示驚訝、不理解、不可思議”等。這是第四種狀況。
網友的問題就是是這一種。