1、 while1 用作名詞時,意為一段時間,一會兒。比如:
I stayed there for a short while.
(我在那兒呆了一小會兒。)
The postman came2 a short while ago.
(郵遞員剛剛來過。)
2、 while 用作連詞時,有以下幾種含義:
1. 意為當(dāng)時候,和同時,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。比如:
While I was3 watching TV, the bell rang.
(我看電視時,鈴響了。)
Meimei watched TV while she ate4 her supper.
(梅梅邊吃晚飯邊看電視。)
2. 意為雖然,盡管,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。比如:
While it was late, he went on working.
(雖然非常晚了,但他還在繼續(xù)工作。)
While he is in poor health5, he works6 hard.
(雖然他身體不好,但他還是努力工作。)
3. 連接兩個并列句子,表示對比關(guān)系。比如:
He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.
(他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家。)
I like singing while she likes dancing.
(我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。)
You like sports, while I prefer7 music.
(你喜歡體育,而我更喜歡音樂。)
3、 while 引導(dǎo)狀語從句時,應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面:
1. while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以從意義上加以區(qū)別。比如:
While he was tired, he went on working.
(雖然他累了,但他還是繼續(xù)工作。)
( while 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)
While he was tired, he would8 have a rest.
(他累了就休息一會兒。)
( while 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)
2. while 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,假如從句的主語和主句的主語相同,那樣從句的主語和謂語動詞 be 都可以省略。比如:
While he was ill, he went there. (= While ill, he went there.)
(雖然他有病,但他還是去那里了。)
3. while 和 when 都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,但應(yīng)注意: while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞需要是延續(xù)性的動詞;而 when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞既能夠是延續(xù)性動詞,也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞。當(dāng)時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時, while 和 when 可以互相替換。比如:
While we were talking, the teacher came in.
(大家正在談話時,老師進去了。)
The bus had9 left when we arrived at the bus sTOP.
(當(dāng)大家到達車站時,公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。)
( arrive 是非延續(xù)性動詞,因此,此句中的 when 不可以用 while 替換。)
When / While we were having a meeting10, our teacher came in.
(大家正在開會時,老師走了進去。)
( have 是延續(xù)性動詞,因此,句中的 when 可以用 while 替換。)
4. while 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句還可以表示某個動作正在進行的同時,另一個動作也在進行之中。比如:
While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.
(老師講課時,學(xué)生們在聽。)
While he was writing11, I was reading12.
(他寫字時,我在看書。)