在英語四級備考的過程中，英語四級閱讀是對學生深度理解、剖析和應用英文文本的考量，怎么樣高效閱讀英語文章，下面是我們給大伙推薦的“2024年6月英語四級考試閱讀練習題：怎么樣查詢國際航班安”，供考生閱讀訓練。

2024年6月英語四級考試閱讀練習題：怎么樣查詢國際航班安

Checking International Airlines Safety

You can check fares, fees and flight schedules for just about any airline in the world with a few keystrokes or a single phone call. But checking the safety of an international airline is a much more complicated task.

European and US regulators evaluate aviation safety, and the airline industry itself has a world-wide safety-audit program, but its difficult for travelers to check airline safety when buying tickets. Theres no restaurant-inspectors score posted on the airplane door or government crash-test star rating printed on your ticket.

Thats unfortunate, since interest in airline safety is high. Its been a bad year for aviation fatalities, with more than 700 people killed in 16 crashes around the world so far in 2009. Many involved little-known airlines---some already on watch lists for safety concerns.

"Theres no perfect solution at the moment, but its undoubtedly getting better," said Geoff Want, principal adviser on airline safety at Rio Tinto Group, a global mining company that has its own list of carriers approved for employee travel.

Government regulators in Europe and the US take different approaches to aviation safety.

The European Union evaluates airlines and their planes and publishes a "blacklist" of unacceptable carriers, most recently updated just two weeks ago. The EU blacklist is available on the Internet at ec.europa.eu/transport/

Be prepared, its long and complex: 233 airlines are completely banned, and eight are allowed to operate under restrictions and conditions. Though its focus started as an airline-by-airline evaluation, the EU has moved more toward building the blacklist on evaluations of entire countries -all airlines from 15 countries have a blanket ban from the EU and are among the 233 cited.

The US Federal Aviation Administration evaluates countries, not carriers. US inspectors decide if a countrys aviation infrastructure is up to snuff by counting the number of inspectors watching over airlines, assessing air-traffic-control procedures and evaluating funding and legal authority of aviation regulators. The FAA evaluation is based largely on standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization, a United Nations-chartered group.

The FAA says 101 countries have been assessed; 79 have Category 1 status, meaning the US believes the country meets international standards, and 22 fall into Category 2. Category 2 doesnt mean airlines from that country are banned, only that any new service and airline passenger-sharing ties are frozen. That can have economic impact on a country and its airlines, and the threat of a Category 2 downgrade can prompt improvement.

An FAA spokeswoman says its International Aviation Safety Assessments list, available atwww.faa.gov/about/initiatives/iasa. is "one tool a consumer can use to decide on air travel."

Theres surprisingly little overlap between the FAA and EU lists. Airlines from Angola, Benin, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Liberia, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Rwanda and Zambia are banned on the EU blacklist, but those countries arent evaluated at all by the FAA. B0th EU and US regulators share concerns on Congo, Indonesia and Swaziland. The FAA rates Zimbabwe, Israel, the Philippines, Serbia and Montenegro plus several Latin American and Caribbean nations, including Belize, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, in Category 2, but not the EU.

The airline industry has come up with its own list of sorts, and it can be useful to travelers. The International Air Transport Association , the industrys world-wide trade group, began working on a standard auditing regimen nine years ago, and it has evolved into an extensive safety check now required of all airlines to be a member of IATA. Passing the audit became mandatory for membership earlier this year; 21 airlines didnt and were removed.

IATA says 330 airlines around the world have passed its audit. Of those, 230 are IATA members-another 100 airlines wanted to be certified even if not IATA members. US and EU regulators accept IOSA certification to meet requirements that airlines funneling passengers to each other through code-sharing agreements audit each other for safety issues. And a few countries -Egypt is one -require IOSA certifìcation for any airline flying there. The list is available atwww.iata.org/iosa.

怎么樣查詢國際航班安全

假如你想查詢世界上任何航空企業的票價、收費與航班安排，僅需點擊幾下鼠標或者打個電話就好。但，假如你想了解某個國際航空企業的安全系數，那可要復雜得多。

歐洲和美國的監管機構都會評估航空企業的安全性，航空業本身也有一套全球安全審察系統，但，旅客在購買機票的時候非常難獲悉航空企業的安全性。機艙門口可沒貼著類似飯店檢驗機構評分的東西，旅客的機票上也沒印著政府失事概率測試的星級評級。

這是一個非常不幸的事實，由于大眾對航空公司安全性的關注度特別高。2009年是航空災難記錄很糟糕的一年，全球共發生飛機失每件事故16起，超越700人死亡。很多事故都與名不見經傳的航空公司有關，其中一些因其安全顧慮已經被列入察看名單。

礦業公司力拓集團負責航空安全的主管顧問杰夫·華恩特表示，現在還沒完美的解決方法，但狀況無疑正在好轉。力拓集團有一份航空公司名單，職員旅游只選擇這個名單上航空企業的航班。

歐洲和美國的政府監管部門對航空安全則采取了不一樣的方法。

歐盟會對航空公司及其機隊進行評估，并會發布一個不合格的航空企業的"黑名單"，就在兩周前剛剛更新過一次。歐盟的黑名單可以通過網絡在ec.europa.eu/transport/上查到。

不過要有心理籌備，這個名單非常長，也非常復雜：共有233家航空公司被完全禁飛，八家航空公司被允許在某些限制和條件下飛行。雖然歐盟的關注點開始是對航空公司逐個進行評估，但歐盟近來已經更多地通過對整個國家的評估來構建黑名單一→其中有15個國家的所有航空公司收到的都是歐盟的全方位禁令，它們也在上述233家航空公司之列。

美國航空管理局評估的對象是每個國家、而不是航空公司。美國監管機構通過計算航空業監管機構配備的職員數目、評估航空運輸量的控制步驟與航空監管機構的籌資和法律權限，來決定一個國家的航空業會不會進入“黑名單”。美國聯邦航空管理局的評估大部分基于聯合國下屬專門機構國際民用航空組織擬定的規范。

美國航空管理局表示，已經對101個國家進行了評估179個國家為一類，表示美國覺得這類國家已經達到國際安全指標;22個國家為二類。二類并不表示來自這類國家的航空公司會被禁飛，只不過說明任何新服務和航空公司乘客推薦關系將被凍結。這會對一個國家及其航空公司產生經濟影響，而二類國家會面臨降級的威脅，這可以促進航空公司改變其安全性。

美國航空管理局一位發言人表示，其國際航空安全評估名單可以在www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/iasa上找到，這是“買家可以用來決定航空旅游選擇的一個工具”。

出人意料的是，美國航空管理局和歐盟的名單極少有重合。來自安哥拉、貝寧、哈薩克斯坦、吉爾吉斯、利比亞、加蓮、塞拉利昂、蘇丹、阿富汗、柬埔寨、盧旺達和贊比亞的航空公司都在歐盟禁飛名單之上，但這類國家甚至都沒被美國航空管理局評估過。歐盟和美國的監管機構都對剛果、印度尼西亞和史瓦濟蘭的航空公司表示顧慮。美國航空管理局將贊比亞、以色列、菲律賓、塞爾維亞和黑山，還有幾個拉美和加勒比海國家，包含伯利茲、海地、洪都拉斯和尼加拉瓜，列為二類國家，但歐盟并未對國家有類似的評級。

航空業也有自己林林總總的名單，或許會對旅客有所幫助。航空業的全球行業團體國際航空運輸協會早在9年前就開始著手安全指標審察工作，目前已經演變為一個覆蓋范圍非常大的安全檢查體系，但凡IATA的成員航空公司都要遵照實行。年初，通過安全指標審察已經是IATA成員必須具備的條件;有21家沒通過安全指標審察的航空公司已被除名。

IATA表示，全球有330家航空公司已經通過其安全指標審察。其中230家為IATA成員，另外 100家航空公司在即使還不是IATA成員的狀況下也期望獲得認證。美國和歐盟的監管機構均同意IOSA認證，滿足通過代碼共享協議互相提供客戶資源的航空公司需要就安全問題互相審察的需要。有少數幾個國家——包含埃及，需要任何飛往該國的航空公司均要通過IOSA認證。旅客可以在www.iata.org/iosa找到有關名單。

句型解說：

1. European and US regulators evaluate aviation safety, and the airline industry itself has a world-wide safety-audit program, but its difficult tor travelers to check airline safety when buying tickets.

本句是分別由and和but連接的三個簡單句。最后一句中buying tickets目前分詞作狀語表示時間，前面可以加when或while。

語法重點：分詞短語作狀語

2. Its been a bad year for aviation fatalities, with more than 700 people killed in 16 crashes around the world so far in 2009.

本句是一個簡單句。其中 with more...in 2009是獨立主格結構，對主句進行補充說明，結構為 with+名詞+過去分詞+狀語。

語法重點：獨立主格結構

3. Though its focus started as an airline-by-airline evaluation, the EU has moved more toward building the blacklist on evaluations of entire countries-all airlines from 15 countries have a blanket ban行om the EU and are among the 233 cited.

本句是一個復合句。主句是the EU...are among the 233 cited，破折號后面的句子是對前面句子的補克說明，其中from 15 countries介詞短語作后置定語，修飾airlines。 cited過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾233。Though引導讓步狀語從句。

語法重點：介詞短語作定語，過去分詞作定語，讓步狀語從句

4. US and EU regulators accept IOSA certification to meet requirements that airlines funneling passengers to each other through code-sharing agreements audit each other for safety issues.

本句是一個復合句。主句是US and EU...meet requirements. that引導同位語從句，講解說明requirements.其中funneling passengers...code-sharing agreement目前分詞短語作后置定語修飾airlines.

語法重點：同位語從句，分詞短語作定語

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