Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

The traditional two-parents family is fast giving way in the America of the 1980s to households in which one adult must juggle^{1 the often enormous demands of making a living and raising children.}

For many, single parenthood is synonymous with economic need. More than 3 million single-parent families live in poverty, according to the Census^{2 Bureau, and joblessness, plus cuts in public assistance, has helped drive up the number of poor children in such families by about 20 percent in just three years.The biggest burden falls on households that are headed by single mothers. Nearly half of these families are below the poverty as the most compelling social fact of the last 10 years.}

This deprivation^{3 is not only hard on its for taxpayers4 since single women and their offspring receive 40 to 80 percent of the benefits in various welfare programs that cosplayt the government a total of 40 billion dollars a year. Despite cuts in benefits averaging 10 percent, rising number of eligible5 women are likely to keep the overall cosplayt up, according to economist6 Alice Rivlin, former director of the Congressional Budget office.}

Fanning the single-parent spiral are two dramatic offshoots of the sexual revolution: porce and unwed（未婚的） motherhood. The porce rate has doubled in the last 15 years, and the number of illegitimate births has more than doubled to 700,000 annually^{7. One tenth of white children and more than one half of black children are now born out of wedlock8. Whats more, there is a strong tendency now for women and teenagers who have illegitimate children to keep them rather than put them up for adoption9.}

Typical is Rufina Nera of Los Angeles.When she became pregnant at 15,abortion was never mentioned in her home.Instead,her mother encouraged her to have the child,says Nera,adding：She even gave a baby shower for me.

Now, Nera shares a crowded bedroom with her 2-year-old daughter as well as her sister. She holds no hope of help from the father, although she remarked during the only time he saw the child that she was prettier than his other illegitimate baby. Even so, Nera tries to keep her attention on two goals: moving into her own apartment and getting enough education to become a secretary or a nurse. Her first step along that path is attending Rarnona High School, an opportunity school where she and 110 other girls study while their babies are cared for in a nursery.

26.What effect does joblessness and cuts in public assistance have on children of single-parent families
A) Another 3 million of them live in poverty.
B) The number of them increased by about 20 percent in just three years.
C) The number of them increased by about 3 percent in the 1980s.
D) They were not affected^{10 at all.}

27.How much money do single women and their children get from welfare programs every year
A) 40 to 80 billion dollars.
B) 16 to 40 billion dollars.
C) 32 to 40 billion dollars.
D) 16 to 32 billion dollars.

28.We can come to the conclusion that ____.
A) 60 percent of American children are now born illegitimately
B) at least 50 percent of black children are now born illegitimately in America
C) 60 percent of American children were born illegitimately in the 1960s
D) at least 60 percent of American children were born illegitimately in the 1960s

29.What will probably happen to most illegitimate children
A) They will be kept by their fathers.
B) They will be kept by their grandparents.
C) They will be kept by their mothers.
D) They will be adopted by someone else.

30.What does Nera do for the preparation for becoming a secretary or a nurse
A) She is working in a nursery.
B) She is moving into her own apartment.
C) She is studying in a high school.
D) She is asking help from the father.

內容概要:本文討論的是二十世紀八十年代美國單親家庭的問題。依據美國人口調查局的統計，有三百多萬個單親家庭的孩子生活在貧困中。這個問題不只使單親家庭自己受害，而且給納稅人增加了非常大的負擔，由于政府花在資助單親家庭的各種福利支出每年達2、三百多億USD。致使單親家庭成上升趨勢的是性革命的兩個衍生物：離婚和未婚母親。當然，其后果就是非婚生子女的人數大幅員上升。

26．B。失業和公共資助的降低對單親家庭的孩子有哪些影響？細節推理題。這使得單親家庭貧窮孩子的人數增加了約20%。短文第二段非常了解地講到了這一點：...and joblessness, plus cuts in public assistance, has helped drive up the number of poor children in such families by about 20 percent in just three years.

27．D。單親媽媽及其孩子每年從福利項目中得到多少錢？細節推理題。每年福利項目的支出約為四百億USD，她們得到了其中的百分之四十至八十，即十六億至三十二億USD。短文第四段明了地談到了這一點：... since single women and their offspring receive 40 to 80 percent of the benefits in various welfare programs that cosplayt the government a total of 40 billion dollars a year.

28．B。大家可以得出結論：目前美國黑人孩子中至少有百分之五十的是非婚生的。細節推理題。短文第五段非常了解地講到了這一點：One tenth of white children and more than half of black children are now born out of wedlock. 這里的重點是要理解wedlock這個詞，它的意思是婚姻（情況），out of wedlock 就是illegitimately（私生的）。

29．C。大部分私生子會發生那種情況？細節推理題。他們將會由媽媽撫養。短文第五段最后一句談到了這一點： Whats more, there is a strong tendency now for women and teenagers who have illegitimate children to keep them rather than put them up for adoption.

30．C。為了籌備當秘書或護士，Nera目前干什么？細節推理題。短文的最后兩段舉了Nera如此一個十五歲懷孕生子的未婚母親。最后一段談到了她為了當秘書或護士在一所中學學習：Nera tries to keep her attention on two goals: moving into her own apartment and getting enough education to become a secretary or a nurse. Her first step along that path is attending Rarnona high school,...