A 只有在形容詞+as1+主語+to be/to seem/to appear這一結構中,as才意為though2/although(盡管):
Tired as he was3 he offered4 to carry her.等于:
Though he was tired he offered to carry her.
盡管他非常累了,他還主動提出要背著她。
Strong as he was,he couldnt lift it.
盡管他力氣非常大,他仍提不起這個東西。
B while5可意為but,用于表示強調對比:
At seameanson a ship,whileat the seameansat the seaside.
At sea意為在船上,而at the sea意為在海灘上。
Some people waste6 food while others7 havent enough.
一些人糟踏食物而另一些人卻食不果腹。
while可以意為although,這個時候常放在句首:
While I sympathize8 with your point of view9 I cannot accept10 it.
盡管我認可你的看法,但我不可以同意它。
C when可以意為seeing that/although(鑒于)。因此它同while 很像,但主要用于引導使另一個動作看上去不適當的陳述句。
它常用在一個問句里,但不是肯定這樣:
How can you expect11 your children to be truthful12 when you yourself13 tell lies14?
你一個人都在說謊,如何能指望你的孩子們誠實?
Its not fair15 to expect her to do all the cooking16 when she has had17 no training18 or experience19.
她沒受過烹調方面的練習,也沒這方面的經驗,讓她把做飯的事全部承擔下來是不公平的。
D 請務必不要搞混when與if的使用方法。
When he comes(等他來了)意為大家一定他會來的。If he comes(假如他來了)意為大家不可以一定他會不會來。
(關于if用于條件句,參見第二十一章。)