Price 價(jià)格。
在這一講中，大家就跟你談?wù)剝r(jià)格和它的功能。
價(jià)格可以說是一種能把買方和賣方聯(lián)系在一塊的機(jī)制。任何貨物或服務(wù)都需要擬定出交易雙方都能認(rèn)同和同意的價(jià)格，才能保證現(xiàn)代的市場順利運(yùn)行。
澳大利亞墨爾本莫納什大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系主任福塞斯教授對價(jià)格做了如此的講解：
We sometimes think of prices as being the equilibrating mechanism1, to use an economist's jargon2. We can all understand a situation whereby if prices are too high people go away, they'll just leave the market place. They won't be interested in buying.
Likewise if prices are too low, the sellers won't be prepared to sell. They'll simply take their prduce home.
And so prices adjust in markets so that we can get to a situation when people are reasonably satisfied and, essentially3, what the sellers want to sell is more or less what the buyers want to buy in terms of quantity.
And so there is an equilibrium4 in the market.
Prices become the lever through which the quantities that people want to sell are equal to the quantities that people want to buy.
福塞斯教授提到了如此幾個(gè)英文詞語：
1 equilibrating mechanism 平衡機(jī)制2 equilibrium 平衡，均衡3 jargon 行話4 adjust 調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整5 lever 杠桿，方法6 quantity 數(shù)目，總量
下面大家再分段聽一下福塞斯教授講話的原文及中文翻譯：（英文略）
福塞斯教授說，大家有時(shí)把價(jià)格看作是一種平衡機(jī)制，這是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的行話。大家都了解在價(jià)格過高的狀況下買主就會(huì)離開市場，對購買不有興趣。
同樣，假如價(jià)格過低，賣主也不會(huì)供應(yīng)，只能把貨物帶回家。
因此價(jià)格在市場上進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)，達(dá)到各方都能基本上認(rèn)可的程度。而且非常重要的是使賣方期望供應(yīng)的貨物量與買方期望購買的貨物量大致上相等。如此市場的供應(yīng)求購就達(dá)到了平衡。
價(jià)格成為杠桿，通過它的調(diào)節(jié)，大家要供應(yīng)的貨物量等同于大家要購買的貨物量。
下面大家再聽一遍澳大利亞墨爾本莫納什大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)系主任福塞斯教授談話全文。（略）
澳大利亞消費(fèi)與角逐事務(wù)委員會(huì)主席阿蘭費(fèi)爾斯對價(jià)格的功能作了進(jìn)一步的講解：
The role of the prices in the economy is several-fold. At the crudest level, prices provide an incentive5 for production. The higher the price, the more that people who produce will swing in to an industry and try and produce.
Prices also ration6 demand. That is, consumers would have unlimited7 demand for certain products if they're given away free. But if they are charged for them in accordance with the cosplayt of making them, then that will ration demand and bring demand and production into an appropriate balance. So that's the first two roles of prices.
But prices also have a signalling function. That is they send a signal to producers that it's better for them to produce x where x has a high price, than y, where y has a low price and is not valued very highly by consumers.
Prices generally play an incentive role. They give incentives8 to producers to produce or not produce, depending on their level. They give incentives to consumers whether or not to consume particular goods.
費(fèi)爾斯在他的談話中用了如此一些詞語：
1 several-fold 多方面的，成倍的2 incentive 刺激，鼓勵(lì)3 swing 轉(zhuǎn)向，改變4 ration 約束，定量提供5 signalling 傳遞信息
下面大家分段聽一遍澳大利亞消費(fèi)與角逐事務(wù)委員會(huì)主席費(fèi)爾斯的談話與中文翻譯：（英文略）
價(jià)格在經(jīng)濟(jì)中有多重用途。從最基本的層次來講，價(jià)格刺激生產(chǎn)。價(jià)格越高，投入這一行業(yè)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的人就越多。
同時(shí)價(jià)格也能限制需要。這就是說，假如某些商品是免費(fèi)提供，買家的需要就可能是無限制的。但假如買家需要根據(jù)商品的本錢付出成本，就會(huì)使需要遭到控制，使需要和商品提供形成適合的平衡。這是價(jià)格的頭兩種功能。
價(jià)格還有傳遞信息的功能。它們向生產(chǎn)者送出信息，說明生產(chǎn)甲種商品會(huì)比生產(chǎn)乙種商品更好，由于甲種商品的價(jià)格高，而乙種商品的價(jià)格低，不大受買家的看重。
價(jià)格總的來講是一種刺激物。依據(jù)價(jià)格本身的水平，它鼓勵(lì)生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)或不生產(chǎn)某種商品，它也鼓勵(lì)買家消費(fèi)或不消費(fèi)某些貨物。
目前大家重聽一遍澳大利亞消費(fèi)與角逐事務(wù)委員會(huì)主席費(fèi)爾斯談話的全文。（略）
在這一講的最后，大家再復(fù)習(xí)一下今天學(xué)習(xí)的一些英語詞語：
1 equilibrating mechanism 平衡機(jī)制2 equilibrium 平衡，均衡3 jargon 行話4 adjust 調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)整5 lever 杠桿，方法6 quantity 數(shù)目，總量7 several-fold 多方面的，成倍的8 incentive 刺激， 鼓勵(lì)9 swing 轉(zhuǎn)向，改變10 ration 約束，定量提供11 signalling 傳遞信息
這次由澳洲廣播電臺(tái)中文部為你制作的金融世界節(jié)目到這里就結(jié)束了。謝謝你的收聽